A business report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

A business report - Essay Example The mind emanates from the brain and is composed of the processes of the brain. The mind exists only with the presence of the brain. However, the mind is not the same as the brain. Descartes’ dualism theory tried to explain the existence of the mind and body as two fundamentally different articles. However, there are a number of scientific phenomena which indicate the evidence of the mind being a product of the brain. In this regard, once the brain is not able to exist, (such as by death) the mind will also not exist. Immortality would not be able to exist because the soft parts of the human existence (the mind) are dependent on the physical existence of the persons (the physical body). Immortality could therefore only exist if the human body existed. However, with the death of the body, the immortality of the mind (or souls for that matter) would not achieve immortality. There is no substantiation that can be offered to indicate that the soul or the mind lives past death (destruction of the physical being). Locke theory is supportive of this as it identified the personality of an individual as depending on the memories, which die after

Foreign Language Education in China and Multilingual Future Research Paper

Foreign Language Education in China and Multilingual Future - Research Paper Example This essay approves that information technology is being infused into face-to-face curricular programs. The concept of computer-assisted language learning is gaining popularity in many parts of the world. In this regard, Chinese can use technology to learn different languages from the comfort of their homes. The foreign language learners can access free tutorials, without the need for published materials. The learners can even access online periodicals to practice reading and learn other foreign cultures. They could even get help from other users in online forums and social media platforms. Most importantly, the learners could learn multiple foreign languages through immersion. This strategy requires the learner to interact with the more experienced users. Through the internet, the learners could trace their progress and improve in deficient areas. Learners have two options: they could either use their mobile phones or access online courses through computers. This report makes a conclusion that there is a general perception that English is the perfect choice for intercultural communication and therefore it is universally used for global communication. However, given that three-quarters of the world population is non-English speaking, other languages should too be appreciated. In the Chinese context, the government should consider introducing other foreign language in the curriculum and encourage independent learning among the locals. It is expected that promoting multilingualism in China will provide the residents with better opportunities for advancement and increase global political and economic interdependence.

Family Support Programme for ICU Patient Relatives

Family Support Programme for ICU Patient Relatives Constantin Vintilescu From DNP Online Community Davidson, E., Daly, J., Brady, R. Higgins, P. (2010). Facilitated Sensemaking A Feasibility Study for the Provision of a Family Support Program in the Intensive Care Unit. Critical Care Nurse Journal 33 (2) 177-189. Introduction / Purpose Evidence has shown that family members of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients develop anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress syndrome -like symptoms. Paparrigopoulos (2006), Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) (2006) and the Society of Critical Care Medicine recommend family-centered care, but few studies demonstrate successful interventions to â€Å"decrease the ad ­verse psychological effect of critical illness on the family.â€Å" (Azoulay, 2005) This project served to examine the feasibility of such interven ­tions, and as a pilot program to investigate research procedures before the design of a controlled trial. Derived from business leadership models, â€Å"Facilitated Sensemaking,† provided the theoretical framework for the interventions: family members experience a disruption in their lives when a loved one is admitted to the ICU; they adjust with a compensatory process that may be influenced by nursing interventions. Methods The ‘Family Support Pro ­gram’ was developed consisting of personalized instructions delivered a clinical nurse specialist, and a family visiting kit in zip-locked plastic bag consisting of: a workbook including program introduction and instructions, cognitive recovery activities, activities to perform at the bedside including passive range of motion exercises, and personal care items. The program was offered to 30 consecutive families in a 32 bed â€Å"mixed-use ICU. All participants were English-speaking adult family members of mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients. To evaluate feasibility, data was collected on program acceptance, time of personal instruction, use of items in the family visiting kit, and family perception of program usefulness. In piloting the research procedure: a Family Sup ­port Program evaluation, and adapted Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (aCCFNI) was administered and psychometric properties of the instrument the reliability and validity of the questioner and scoring method were assessed. A convenience sample is a study of subjects taken from a group that is conveniently accessible to a researcher. One advantage of this is that it is easy to access, requiring little effort and time. This sampling method suffers from a major disadvantage in that it is not an accurate representation of the population, which can skew results quite radically. Use of a convenience sample is quite popular and prevalent, however, and it can be valid under certain conditions. Biases and Flaws Any number of biases can occur in a convenience sample. By selecting from a specific population such as students enrolled in Sociology 101, people visiting a mall between 10:00 am and 2:00 pm on Saturdays, or library patrons, the study inadvertently excludes a great deal of the population. Choosing only students in a particular classroom at a certain university can easily exclude certain portions of the general populace, such as children or those without the financial means to attend the school. Such exclusions are not always a problem. For example, a study on library patrons could easily take a convenience sample of people at a certain library and generalize the results. On the other hand, a study on social attitudes toward people with disabilities should not use only the students in a sociology class, which does not necessarily represent an accurate cross-section of the population. This inability to accurately generalize the results of such a group makes it ineffective for many studies. Researchers who want more valid results typically take a probability sample, which attempts to get an accurate representation of the population. It is not generally possible to study everyone, but it is possible to randomly assign people to a study with an eye toward retaining a balance of characteristics seen in the population in general. For example, organizations that conduct political polling usually try to draw on a large database of people and select subjects randomly. This randomization increases the chances of a more accurate pool forming to produce results that can be better generalized. If a convenience sample is used, researchers typically disclose this fact. Good research usually includes a detailed overview of the sampling techniques used, so that people reading about it have a better understanding of how it was conducted. When revealing that a convenience sample was used, the researcher may also present justifications for its use and defend its accuracy. Evaluation / Analysis Standard statistical methods were applied using SPSS. Each aCCFNI item was ranked in order of importance using a weighted average analysis to measure â€Å"the importance of the need and how well that need was met† (Davidson 2010). The Family Sup ­port Program evaluation questioner was in the same way analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results Of the thirty family members approached for the Family Support Program, all consented to participate. 22 surveys were returned. Quantitative analyses of the aCCFNI results determine all 45 needs had some importance. Likewise, all items offered within the family visiting kits were found useful to some fam ­ily members. 42 Referrals to ancillary services were made for the 30 family members. Discussion / Conclusion Like previous research, this study demonstrated the importance of each of the 45-aCCFNI needs. A list of top 10 needs was also identified and corresponds with work by other researchers. Several non-generalizable opportunities for unit-specific performance improvement, including parking and other transportation related areas of stress were identified. 27% of family members who participated in the study did not to complete the surveys. The authors speculate that, â€Å"the early critical care period may be too stressful to concentrate on writing.† Only two family members were observed writing in the provided workbook even though the workbook was reported as helpful on the program evaluation questioner. The authors point-out similar phenomenon demonstrated in the literature (Kloos 2008). The small sample size was identified as a study limitation. Results of this study are â€Å"also limited to English-speaking adult family members of mechanically ventilated patients† (Davidson 2010). The contents of the family visiting kits were re ­fined with feedback received from family members during the study. It was suggested to build a ‘family supply cart’ to wheeled around the unit and offer supplies to family members. Operational issues During the study, many unit-specific issues arose regarding current practice and were for ­warded to the leadership team for action. For example, while screening patients for inclu ­sion into the study, the investigator discovered that many patients did not have family mem ­bers or visitors. A visiting ministry to meet the social needs of those patients has been suggested. Nurses and families alike were unaware of the hospital’s family room in the medical li ­brary equipped with an Internet-connected computer and handy hot-linked Web sites as well as novels. Because of study refer ­rals, the librarian reported an increased use in the family room (M. Robinson, personal oral communication, September 30, 2007). An informational sheet of family-friendly med ­ical information sites was prepared for in ­clusion in the visiting kit and later use. A note card explaining library services was de ­veloped, printed, and stocked in the waiting areas. As found in studies by Lautrette et al,31 Melnyk et al,14 Jones et al,13 and Kloos and Daly,33 family members appreciate supportive interventions that are multimodal in nature, both verbal and written. In this study, families also self-reported and it was observed that tac ­tile interventions using common household items for hands-on bedside activities were a welcome addition to the family support services. CONCLUSION The Family Support Program based on the model of facilitated sensemaking is not only feasible but also helpful to family members of mechanically vented, adult ICU patients. The demonstrated reliability of the aCCFNI supports its continued use in identifying im ­portant needs and evaluating whether those needs are met for families of ICU patients. An overall score weighting importance and needs-met for each item aided in ranking op ­portunities for improvement. Future research is warranted to continue evaluation of the Fa ­cilitated Sensemaking theory and measure ef ­fect of these interventions on outcomes (eg, anxiety, depression, symptoms suggestive of risk for posttraumatic stress). Inclusion of this nursing intervention is warranted to assist family members in communicating with the patient as part of the list of bedside activi ­ties. Future study design should be expanded to other cultures or patient groups. Educa ­tional programs targeted to provide instruc ­tion f or nurses on how to include family mem ­bers into daily practice are also warranted. The time the lead investigator spent per fam ­ily in supportive interactions appeared rea ­sonable for inclusion into the bedside nurse’s practice. Feasibility was further supported in that family members accepted and used the inter ­ventions that were based on concepts of the Facilitated Sensemaking model. Information to assist with decoding by explaining equip ­ment, alarms, and surroundings was notably accepted. Instructions for interacting with or assisting ICU patients were appreciated. The provision of personal care supplies was found to be most helpful and useful. Verbal instruc ­tions and hands-on activities were preferred over journaling activities. References Azoulay, E., Pochard, F., Kentish-Barnes, N. et al. (2005). Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine .171 (9): 987-994 Paparrigopoulos, T., Melissaki, A., Efthymiou, A. et al.(2006).Short-term psychological impact on family members of intensive care unit patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research.61 (5):719-722

Use Of The Diary Form Narrative in The Novel Dracula :: Dracula Essays

Use Of The Diary Form Narrative in The Novel Dracula Bram Stoker, being the creative and intellectual writer himself, wrote the novel Dracula in the diary form of narrative. This was a good choice of how to write the novel since it was very beneficial to the plot of Dracula. Examples of how the diary form is beneficial to Dracula is seen in his writing and book. One of the greatest benefits of the diary narrative is that the reader is allowed see, and feel the emotional hearts and souls of the emotional characters. This is great because when a character is not feeling too great and is trying hide something, the reader knows this, and therefore the reader knows everything that is happening; nothing is being hidden from the reader. An example of this happening is when Mina is at the insane asylum and is worried sick about something happening to Jonathan Harker. Mina hides all that she feels when Jonathan Harker is near her. All that Mina is feeling is written by herself, and what, how she is feeling is ready for a reader to examine because they are able to see her diary. If Mina's diary was not open to the reader, or if Someone was telling of what he or she saw, the observation could be false and the reader would lose valuable information that would be valuable to the whole plot of the book. Some things that can be noticed about the diary form is that different views of the same thing can be expressed by many different people; all in first person view. Then, along with that, there are extensive and very detailed descriptions about a thing, or person that is being described. In the novel, this is seen as Jonathan Harker is traveling and he describes almost everything, he does, eat, sees, etc. Another use of the diary form is that Bram Stoker can have people "talk to themselves." So if the person who is writing in his or her diary, that person can make notes to him/herself writing "I must ask the Count about this." So by "talking to him/her own self" in this manner, he is writing it down and they do not in any way make it so that they seem strange in front of public.

Leadership Styles of Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem

Question: In the context of the Vietnamese society as the course has presented it through the online textbook so far, what evaluation can be made about the leadership styles and personal examples of Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem that would enable both of them to tap into the hearts and minds of the Vietnamese people and mobilize support for their initiatives? Why, in Vietnam, was personal leadership so very important? Refer to specific examples IntroductionThe Geneva Accords that took place in 1954 put an end to the First Indochina War and the beginning of two Vietnamese territories separated by a line of demarcation at 17th parallel: The Communist North or Democratic Republic of Vietnam with its capital in Hanoi and the Anti-Communist South or Republic of Vietnam with its capital in Saigon. Ho Chi Minh was in control of the North, while Ngo Dihn Diem commanded the South. Nevertheless, both differ in ideologies, and leadership, but with the common goal to bring freedom to Vietnam.In this essay, the leadership of both commanders in chief, in the context of Vietnamese society will be evaluated. This paper will show the reasons which help them to mobilize support for their initiative by using examples and facts. Analysis Ho Chi Minh is a charismatic leader. He has an inordinate level of power and an emotional impact on his audience. He inspires the Vietnamese with the use of his political charisma. He uses this charismatic charm internationally and domestically.He projects the image of a simple, humble, and passionate old man who puts a great touch of wisdom in what he does. This is what helps grow around him a charismatic cult. Ho Chi Minh was a fervent democrat who shares the belief that the will of the people must always be served and allowed to prevail. To mention a quotation from Ho: â€Å"If people in an independent country do not enjoy happiness and freedom then independence has no meaning. † Ho Chi Minh is also a communist. Karl Marx  and other le ftist writers fascinate Ho Chi Minh who, at the end, joins communism.Ho is one of the founders of the  French Communist Party, who is inspired by the  Russian Revolution and created in 1920. He visits the Soviet Union in 1924 where he writes to a friend and states that it is the duty of all communists to return to their own country to make contact with the masses to awaken, organize, unite and train them, and lead them to fight for freedom and independence. The quality of his leadership and the ability to apply communist ideologies to his country, desperate for change, ultimately strengthens Vietnamese nationalism and win him support from the entire nation.Furthermore, Ho Chi Minh is a nationalist. During his entire life, Ho Chi Minh has been pursuing Vietnamese independence from France. He travels to France; there he goes to school, and incessantly writes letters to the French government, and tries to involucrate himself into the French governmental system. Ho also travels arou nd the world trying to get help elsewhere in order to gain Vietnamese independence. Ho Chi Minh has developed nationalism among the Vietnamese people and mobilized them to fight for their independence.Therefore, he has a large reputation as a nationalist hero. His perseverance and determination inspire the Vietnamese nation and win their faith and support. Ngo Dihn Diem is an autocratic leader who opposed the French Colonialism and Communism. Ngo Dihn Diem opposes the French colonial rule and the Viet Minh, during and after the Second World War, which was the communist-led national independence movement. As a strong anticommunist, he rejects an offer to serve in Ho Chi Minh’s brief postwar government in 1945.While the  First Indochina War is taking place, he spends several years in exile, trying to gain supports and ally politically with the Americans in hopes of leading a postwar government. He believes that his nation craves for a benevolent, authoritarian rule of enlight ened elites. Ngo Dihn Diem shows favoritism for Roman Catholics. Ngo Dihn Diem is a devout catholic, member of Vietnamese catholic minority and the brother of their leading archbishop. He tends to appoint people who share his religious beliefs to positions of authority.Catholics always hold a privileged position in Vietnam; they are exempt from land redistribution and given more aid and job promotions. At some point, the Catholic Church was the largest landowner in the country and most of the officials were Catholics. In his visit to Australia in 1957, Diem signals that he will discuss defense relations. Nevertheless, his extensive meeting with the catholic leaders prevents him from discussing defense relations. Therefore, his policies have always favored his co-religionists. ConclusionIn conclusion, we can say that the Vietnamese were craving for independence. To some extents that it would not really matter to them, if communism, democracy, or autocracy were the mechanisms used to help them reach that freedom they have hoped for so long. After the French Indochina War, two leaders such as Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dihn Diem who share the same goal to set Vietnam free, but they differ from their ideology and politics. Ho Chi Minh was more of a charismatic leader, a nationalist who use communism as an engine to save his nation from oppression.Ngo Dihn Diem, other hand, was an autocratic leader, and uses his anti-communist propaganda, his religious beliefs and influences to reach the same goal. For that reason, it was not so difficult for them to gain the heart, the mind, and the supports of the Vietnamese who just wanted to be free.References Moss, G. D. (2010). Vietnam: An American Ordeal. New Jersey, Saddle River: Pearson Education Willner, A. R. (1984). The Spellbinders–Charismatic Political Leadership. New Haven& London: Yale University Press. Henderson W. , & Fishel W. R. (1966). The Foreign Policy of Ngo Dinh Diem. VietnamPerspectives. 2(1)

Case Study Formal And Informal Assessments Education Essay

Formal and informal appraisals are two specific processs that instructors use to measure and rate their pupils. â€Å" Both formal and informal formative appraisals involve assemblage, interpretation, and moving on information † ( Ruiz-Primo & A ; Furtak,2004, p. 4 ) . Formal appraisals are standardised tests used by a province to reflect on peculiar class degree to mensurate a pupil ‘s academic abilities. These tests are administered in the same manner every clip with a clip limitation and instructions to how the test should be graded. In contrast, informal appraisals are exams or activities designed to specially reexamine or prove pupil ‘s cognition on a certain academic topic taught by their instructor. I will be discoursing the advantage and disadvantage for two different signifiers of formal appraisal and four types of informal appraisals methods. The two formal appraisals are norm-referenced and criterion-referenced. â€Å" Norm-referenced are standardised trials and are linked to bury single differences † ( Gargiulo, 2008, p.65 ) . This trial compares the pupil ‘s accomplishment to other pupils in the similar age group. Statistical method is used to find how the pupil did. For illustration foremost grade pupils were tested and the result is used in a statistical method. You would be able to see how each pupil ranked. For illustration, Jon scored at the fiftieth percentile among his category. There are advantages and disadvantages in utilizing norm referenced proving. One advantage to this method is it can find whether a pupil may necessitate particular services. For illustration, if the pupil scores less than standard norm for reading, they will have particular services to help them in this topic. Another advantage to this method is it allows parents to see how their kid ‘s academic consequences are compared to their equals. For illustration, Julie performs at 86 percentile in her category. This means that Julie performed better than 86 % from her schoolmates. As there are advantages, there are disadvantages. One disadvantage to this method is it consists of wide academic information and may non dwell of current schoolroom content. Another disadvantage is it does non to the full capture a pupil ‘s academic abilities on job resolution, determination devising, societal accomplishments, nor their ability elaborate on certain subject. In contrast, â€Å" Criterion-referenced trials are associated with intra single differences and can supply informations that is utile for instructional planning † ( Gargiulo, 2008, p.66 ) . For illustration, a math job is given to a pupil to see if the pupil is able to add two digit Numberss. The result is purely based on whether the pupil did or did non reply the job right. The first advantage to this trial is it can compare a pupils ‘ single public presentation from their old 1. For illustration, April ‘s current trial indicated her reading accomplishments have improved from last one-fourth. April ‘s consequences are non compared to how good she did among her schoolmates alternatively it compares to her single advancement. Another advantage to this trial it can help a instructor to calculate out each pupil ‘s academic strengths and failing. A instructor can steer and delegate extra aid in the countries where pupils need betterment. The ruin to this m ethod is it can non compare student academic public presentation to other schools or territories. For illustration, a instructor will non be able to compare her pupil ‘s success to other categories nor to other schools. Another disadvantage is making a valid test for pupils. Planing an test needs to run into specific criterions plus it ‘s clip devouring for instructors to work around their day-to-day duties. The followers are the four types of informal appraisals that can be used in a schoolroom which are an essay test, a schoolroom game, walk around method, and a multiple pick test. The first informal appraisal is an essay test. Essay tests are inquiries based on a certain lesson or subject where a pupil needs to supply a written reply. Depending on the test instructions pupils may merely necessitate to compose a twosome of paragraphs or several pages in length. The following are two advantages in utilizing an essay test to prove pupils. First, pupils have the chance to show their ideas and show their degree of comprehension on a certain inquiry. The 2nd advantage, pupils begin to build and analyse how to reply each inquiry. For illustration, the direction on the essay says to delight explicate the difference between a mammal and an amphibious. The pupil foremost needs to analyse the differences between the two species and so concept illustrations to lucubrate on the inquiry. An issue does stand for itself ; this type of method is clip devouring for both the pupil and instructor. The pupils need plentifulness of clip to reply and compose an essay and the instruc tor needs clip to measure and rate each paper. The 2nd disadvantage, instructors must be cognizant of their prejudices when composing a inquiry where pupils need to hold or differ on a certain subject. This disadvantage may acquire in the manner of rating documents accurately. A instructor needs to be cognizant of their prejudice and establish their scaling on the pupils response non if they agree or disagree with their pupil. Another informal manner to measure a pupil ‘s advancement is a schoolroom game. A Classroom game creates an chance for pupils to use their cognition and encourages them to larn. For illustration, the category is divided into four groups to play a game of Jeopardy. The game of Jeopardy consists of inquiries on a certain academic topic. An advantage to this method is it promotes concerted acquisition. Students are larning how to interact, collaborate, and work together with their equals to reply inquiries. Working together provides positive supports for pupils to develop societal accomplishments and trust among their squad members. Another advantage it motivates pupils to use their ain cognition and retain new information as they play the game. A game will maintain pupils watchful and encourages engagement which will take to larning. Since pupils are divided into groups non every pupil is take parting or join forcesing on every inquiry and this is downfall to this method. Even th ough each pupil has an chance to reply a inquiry, the group is judged as a whole non the single cognition to every inquiry but the 1s they answer. Another disadvantage to this method does non supply plenty feedback to a instructor to find which pupils needs extra aid in groking the current topic. The 3rd informal appraisal is the walk-around. This appraisal requires the instructor to interact with each pupil as they work together as a group or separately. The instructor is actively observant and helping pupils to remain on undertaking. The advantage to this method it allows the instructor to interact with pupils separately or as a group to reply any concerns or help them in understanding their assignment. The 2nd advantage is the 1 on one conference. â€Å" The instructor uses the 1 on one conference to speak to the pupils for five or ten proceedingss. This conference offers attending, and extra aid in instructions for pupils † ( Cole,1999, p.4 ) . This type of interaction physiques trust and improves the communicating between instructor and pupil. A downside to walk around appraisal is giving each pupil or groups the same sum of clip to reply inquiries or concerns. Since every pupil or groups have different inquiries, some may necessitate extra aid than others. This m ay do some behavior issues or detain some pupils in finishing their assignment. Another issue is doing certain every pupil understands the stuff or lending their work to their group. The instructor needs to give every pupil an chance to speak and show they understand the assignment. Last, the multiple-choice trial is another appraisal used in a schoolroom. Multiple pick trials consist of inquiries and a list of possible replies for each inquiry. An upside to this method pupils begin to entree their cognition and use it to every inquiry by extinguishing deceptive picks. This method is besides an advantage for instructors every bit good. The scaling is less clip devouring than other methods and easier to contract down where the pupils are holding troubles. A disadvantage for pupils is it may do them some confusion or defeat when the tests are ill written. Poor written exams consist of slippery options to take from, for case holding two possible replies. The 2nd disadvantage for pupils is non being able to understand a inquiry. This may take the pupils to think on replies they are non able to grok due to reading troubles or a hapless written test. This may take to inappropriate mark on the pupil ‘s advancement or cognition. In decision, both formal and informal appraisals consist of advantages and disadvantages that a instructor should see and understand before administering these appraisals. Appraisals are necessary to nail pupil ‘s academic strengths and failings. This allows a instructor to supply extra aid to pupils that are fighting. Without appraisals instructors will non be able to properly evaluate and assist pupils.